Xeriscaping, the design of gardens meant to consume very little water, has gone from being a minority trend to a usual request, especially in areas with increasingly frequent watering restrictions.
Choosing native and adapted species
The first principle is to replace high-water-use species with native or Mediterranean plants, already adapted to the local climate and able to survive on minimal watering once established. This change of plant palette is the decision that most reduces water consumption in the long run.
Grouping by watering need (hydrozoning)
Plants are grouped by their real water need, avoiding the usual mistake of mixing high- and low-use species in the same irrigation zone, which forces the low-use ones to be over-watered so as not to harm the high-use ones nearby.
Mulching and efficient irrigation as a complement
A layer of organic or mineral mulch over the substrate greatly reduces water evaporation, and combined with localised drip irrigation (as opposed to sprinklers, which lose more water to evaporation) completes a system that is truly efficient in consumption.
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